PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON THE LEAF OF ALBIZIA CHEVALIERI (HARMS) (MIMOSOIDEAE)

PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON THE LEAF OF ALBIZIA CHEVALIERI (HARMS) (MIMOSOIDEAE)

ABSTRACT

Albiza chevalieri Harms (Mimosoideae) is a tree or shrub of 5-12 m tall and distributed in the dry savannah from Senegal, Niger and Nigeria. The leaf is known for its antioxidant activity, anti-dysentric and to treat diabetes mellitus. Pharmacognostic evaluation of the plant leaf was assessed based on macroscopy, microscopy, chemomicroscopy and physico-chemical parameters. The DNA sequence of chloroplast of the ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene sequence profile of A. chevalieri were determined. The leaf is greenish in color and microscopy features showed hypostomatic distribution of numerous paracytic type of stomata, and lignified trichomes, prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate crystals and the epidermal cells of wavy or irregular in shape on both surface with straight anticlinal walls. Study of transverse section showed hypostomatic arrangement with palisade cells and fibres found at the vascular bundle. Chemomicroscopy showed the presence of tannins, starch, lignin, suberin, calcium oxalate crystals and absence of calcium carbonate. Quantitative leaf constants revealed the average of stomatal number (22.33), stomatal index (21.54), palisade ratio (17.25), vein islets number (5.00) and veinlet termination number (6.65). Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content/loss on drying (9.11 %), total ash content (4.83 %), water soluble ash content (1.75 %), acid insoluble ash content (1.5 %) and ethanol had high extractive value of (21.00 %) compared to water which had extractive value of (15.62 %). The study showed that A. chevalieri (lcl|Query_108313) is phylogenetically related with Acacia and Albizia group on the basis of rbcL gene sequences and also distinguish between closely related genera or species. The specimen showed the highest level of sequence similarities with Albizia amara. The resulted rbcL gene (DNA) sequence profile of A. chevalieri will improve the identification process and delineate their medicinal use and appropriate selection along with pharmacognostic based methods. These findings may be useful towards establishing standards on identification, purity and quality of A. chevalieri leaf.

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